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2019 1023坚持打卡 Day73

原 文 译 文
BEIJING — What worries you about the coming world of artificial intelligence?
北京——你对即将到来的人工智能世界有何担忧?
1. Too often the answer to this question resembles the plot of a sci-fi thriller. People worry that developments in A.I. will bring about the “singularity” — that point in history when A.I.surpasses human intelligence, leading to an unimaginable revolution in human affairs. Or they wonder whether instead of our controlling artificial intelligence, it will control us, turning us, in effect, into cyborgs.
这一问题的答案常常像是科幻惊悚片的情节。人们担心,人工智能的发展将催生技术史上的“奇点”——也就是人工智能超越人类智力极限,在人类事务领域引发无法想象的革命的时刻。他们想知道,为我们所控制的人工智能,是否会反过来控制我们,实际上把我们变成了赛博人。
2. These are interesting issues to contemplate, but they are not pressing. They concern situations that may not arise for hundreds of years, if ever. At the moment, there is no known path from our best A.I. tools (like the Google computer program that recently beat the world’s best player of the game of Go) to “general” A.I. — self-aware computer programs that can engage in common-sense reasoning, attain knowledge in multiple domains, feel, express and understand emotions and so on.
这些问题琢磨起来很有意思,但并不紧迫。人们担心的情况即便会发生,也要在千百年之后。我们目前还不知道,如何从我们最优秀的人工智能工具(例如最近击败了世界上最好的围棋手的谷歌计算机程序),走向“通用”人工智能,即拥有自我意识的计算机程序,可以进行常感推理,获取多个领域的知识,感知、表达和理解情绪等等。
3. This doesn’t mean we have nothing to worry about. On the contrary, the A.I. products that now exist are improving faster than most people realize and promise to radically transform our world, not always for the better. They are only tools, not a competing form of intelligence.But they will reshape what work means and how wealth is created, leading tounprecedented economic inequalities and even altering the global balance of power.
这并不意味着我们就没什么可担心的了。相反,现有的人工智能产品正以超出大多数人想象的速度得到改进,很有可能让我们的世界发生根本性改变——不一定就是变得更好。它们只是工具,而非某种与人类竞争的智慧形式。但它们将重塑工作的含义和财富的创造方式,引发前所未有的经济不平等,甚至改变全球力量均势。
It is imperative that we turn our attention to these imminent challenges.
我们必须把目光转向这些迫在眉睫的挑战。
4. What is artificial intelligence today? Roughly speaking, it’s technology that takes in huge amounts of information from a specific do main (say, loan repayment histories) and uses it to make a decision in a specific case (whether to give an individual a loan) in the service of a specified goal (maximizing profits for the lender). Think of a spreadsheet on steroids, trained on big data. These tools can outperform human beings at a given task.
今天的人工智能是什么?大致来说,它是一种从特定领域(例如贷款偿还记录)获取大量信息,并利用这些信息在特定情况下作出决定(是否贷款给某人),服务于特定目标(让贷方实现利润最大化)的技术。它就好比是打了鸡血——接受了大数据训练——的电子表格程序。执行特定任务时,这些工具的表现可以好于人类。
5. This kind of A.I. is spreading to thousands of domains (not just loans), and as it does, it will eliminate many jobs. Bank tellers, customer service representatives, telemarketers, stock and bond traders, even paralegals and radiologists will gradually be replaced by such software. Over time this technology will come to control semiautonomous andautonomous hardware like self-driving cars and robots, displacing factory workers, construction workers, drivers, delivery workers and many others.
这种人工智能正拓展至成千上万个领域(不只是贷款),在此过程中,它会让很多工作岗位消失。银行出纳员、客服代表、电话推销员、股票和债券交易员,甚至律师助理和放射科医师,都将逐渐被此类软件取而代之。假以时日,这种技术将会控制自动驾驶汽车、机器人等半自动化和自动化硬件,取代工厂工人、建筑工人、司机、快递员以及其他很多职业的从业者。
6. Unlike the Industrial Revolution and the computer revolution, the A.I. revolution is not taking certain jobs (artisans, personal assistants who use paper and typewriters) and replacing them with other jobs (assembly-line workers, personal assistants conversant with computers). Instead, it is poised to bring about a wide-scale decimation of jobs — mostly lower-paying jobs, but some higher-paying ones, too.
不同于工业革命和计算机革命,人工智能革命并不是让特定工作(工匠、使用纸笔和打字机的个人助理)消失,并代之以其他工作(装配线工人、熟练使用计算机的个人助理)。相反,它有可能造成工作岗位的大规模减少——其中大多是低薪岗位,但也会有一些高薪岗位。
7. This transformation will result in enormous profits for the companies that develop A.I., as well as for the companies that adopt it. Imagine how much money a company like Uber would make if it used only robot drivers. Imagine the profits if Apple could manufacture its products without human labor. Imagine the gains to a loan company that could issue 30 million loans a year with virtually no human involvement. (As it happens, my venture capital firm has invested in just such a loan company.)
这种转变将为开发人工智能以及运用人工智能的企业带来大量利润。想象一下,如果优步(Uber)之类的公司只使用机器人司机,会赚多少钱。想象一下,如果苹果(Apple)不使用人力就把产品生产出来,会有多少盈利。想象一下,如果一家贷款公司无需人力介入便可一年发放3000万笔贷款,会获得多少收益。(碰巧,我的风险投资公司已经投了这样一家贷款公司。)

精 读 解 析

篇章结构:
P1:人工智能的发展将催生技术史上的“奇点”——也就是人工智能超越人类智力极限,在人类事务领域引发无法想象的革命时刻。
P2: 人们担心的人工智能问题,可能不会发生。
P3: 人们对人工智能该担心的是它将重塑工作的含义和财富的创造方式,引发前所未有的经济不平等,甚至改变全球力量均势。
P4—P7:人们必须面对人工智能带来的挑战。

重点词汇:
? resemble /r?'zemb(?)l/ vt. 像…, 类似于
【例句】
The brothers resemble each other in taste.
那对兄弟兴趣相似。
? bring about 引起;使掉头
【例句】
Better cultivation of soil will bring about better crops.
土地耕作得法, 收成将会增加。
? singularity /s??gj?'l?r?t?/ n. <正>异常,奇怪,奇特
【例句】
Unfortunately, there is nowhere to retire to because outside the singularity there is no where.
不幸的是,你无处可以退避,因为奇点之外没有任何地方。
? surpass /s?'pɑ?s/ vt. 胜过,优于;超越;非…所能办到或理解
【例句】
In ability he equals and perhaps surpasses his brother.
论起才干,他跟他哥哥不相上下,或许还有过之而无不及。
cyborg /'sa?b??g/ abbr. (部分机能由各种电子或电机装置代替的)半机械人;靠机械装置维持生命的人;受控机体(cybernetic organism)
? contemplate /'k?ntemple?t/ vt. & vi. 深思, 细想, 仔细考虑
【例句
He could not bear to contemplate the alternative.
她不能想象另外那种答案。
? on the contrary (与此)相反, 正相反
【例句】
On the contrary, he looked resentful and sulky.
相反,他现在整天阴沉着脸,似乎心里充满了怨恨。
? reshape /ri?'?e?p/ vt. 改造;再成形
【例句】
A consumerist surge helped reshape traditional working-class culture.
消费主义的兴起重新塑造了传统的工薪阶层文化。
? unprecedented /?n'pres?dent?d/ adj. 前所未有的, 无前例的
【例句】
Awareness of this product will be unprecedented.
产品曝光度史无前例。
Carbon emissions are at unprecedented levels.
目前的碳排放量已达到史无前例的水平。
? inequality /?n?'kw?l?t?/ n. 不平等,不均等,不等量
【例句】
Sustainable harmony means now we will reduce inequality.
持续的和谐意味着消除不平等。
? imperative /?m'per?t?v/ adj. 必要的, 紧急的, 极重要的;命令的;祈使的
【例句】
To institutionalize our scholarship discipline is imperative for all international students.
奖学金制度化是所有国际学生的当务之急。
? imminent /'?m?n?nt/ adj. 迫近的;即将来临的
【短语】
imminent danger迫在眉睫的危险
imminent failure即时损毁
imminent threat紧迫的威胁;逼近的威胁
【例句】
That threat doesn't seem to be imminent.
这一威胁似乎不会马上发生。
? roughly speaking 大约说来
【例句】
Roughly speaking, he is at the top of the pile in his company.
粗略的讲,他在他的公司里有举足轻重的地位。
? steroid /'st??r??d/ n. 类固醇
【例句】
Steroids can help dial down the immune system.
类固醇能帮助减低免疫系统反应。
? outperform /a?tp?'f??m/ vt. 做得比…更好;胜过
【例句】
Their educational system outperforms every other country in the world.
他们的教育体制带来的成效比全世界任何一个国家都要好。
? eliminate /?'l?m?ne?t/ vt. 消除, 排除;忽略
【例句】
She has been eliminated from the swimming race.
她已被取消了游泳比赛。
? paralegal /p?r?'li?g(?)l/ adj. 辅助律师业务的n. 律师的专职助手,律师帮办
【例句】
Unable to find a job as a teacher's aide, she decided to enroll in paralegal classes at night.
但是由于不能找到一份助理教师的工作,她决定报名参加一个夜校的律师助理课程。
? radiologist /?red?'ɑl?d??st/ n. 放射线学者
【例句】
A radiologist then examines the image for signs of cancer.
随后,放射线研究员会从拍出来的片子上看是否有癌症的迹象。
? semiautonomous /?sem???'t?n?m?s/ adj. 半自治的;半自动的
注:前缀semi-表示“半”
semiconductor半导体(semi+conductor导体)
semicircle半圆(semi+circle圆)
semiautomatic半自动的(semi+automatic自动的)
【例句】
Semiautonomous and autonomous unmanned air and ground systems
半自动以及全自动无人机和地面系统。
? autonomous /??'t?n?m?s/ adj. 自治的;自动的
注:前缀auto- auto-= self; personally如:
automation 自动化
autograph 亲笔
autoalarm 自动报警器
autocriticism 自我批评
autorotation 自动旋转
autobiography 自传
【例句】
Some fear that truck drivers will be replaced by autonomous vehicles.
一些人担心卡车司机会被自动汽车取代。
? be poised to: 信誓旦旦;随时准备着做;山盟海誓;做好准备做
【例句】
It might seem odd that Hagel is visiting Asia at a time when U.S. ships are poised to launch an attack on Syria.
此时美国船舰正准备向叙利亚发动袭击,因此黑格访问亚洲看起来有点奇怪。

重点句子:
But they will reshape what work means and how wealth is created, leading to unprecedented economic inequalities and even altering the global balance of power.
这个句子的主干是:But they will reshape what work means and how wealth is created.主干部分的what 和how引导的是宾语从句,充当reshape的宾语。后面的leading to unprecedented economic inequalities and even altering the global balance of power.是一个动词的现在分词形式引起的结果状语从句,说明前面的动作引起的结果。
- THE END -

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