Primary Control Surface

When airplane changes attitude  or position, it rotates about one of three axes.
Axes:Imaginary lines that pass through airplane’s center of gravity.
Axes 
The Longitudinal Axis runs from nose to tail, movement about this axis is called Roll （横滚）which is controlled by aileron
The Lateral Axis runs from wingtip to wingtip, movement about this axis is Pitch （俯仰）which is controlled by elevator
The Vertical Axis runs vertically through the airplane, movement about this axis is Yaw （偏航）which is controlled by rudder
The 3 axes intersect at the Center of Gravity (CG)
All aircraft motion takes place around the CG
Elevator
ELEVATOR, A hinged moveable part on the trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizer for airplane pitch (nose up and nose down) control
升降舵：铰接在水平安定面后缘上的可动部件。用以操纵飞机的俯仰运动（机头朝上及朝下）
ELEVATORs are connected to the control column in the cockpit.
The pilot uses the control column backward or forward to move them up and down. 
Pull up----elevator up----nose up
Push forward---elevator down--nose down 
Rudder
RUDDER, A hinged moveable part on the trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer for airplane yaw (left and right) control.
方向舵；铰连在垂直安定面后缘上，用以操纵飞机偏航（机头向左或向右）的可动部件。
In typical aircraft, the rudder is operated by pedals(脚蹬) via mechanical linkages or hydraulics.
Right pedal forward -----rudder to the right------nose to the right
Left pedal forward -----rudder to the left------nose to the left
News
Technology leadership, as well as the entry into more complex aircraft structures is a key issue in the aviation industry which we have been working on very hard for years. By forcing research and development also in the field of manufacturing primary structures, FACC has gained an international leadership role", said Robert Machtlinger, CEO of FACC. "This is the main reason why we could win another order for the Bombardier C Series".
On the basis of its experience in the manufacture of lightweight structural components for various civil aircraft FACC will develop the rudder, a technologically advanced structural component. The first aircraft equipment is planned to be delivered in May 2018. FACC will ship the whole rudder to Leonardo in Foggia (Italy), where the component will be integrated into the vertical tail. Rudders serve the purpose of stabilizing and controlling the flight when the plane is in the air. They are movable, thus diverting the air stream into a certain direction according to their positions.
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