Sharing the latest articles of the UNESCO Courier with you.
与您第一时间分享联合国教科文《信使》杂志的最新文章。
该作品选自意大利艺术家法比安·阿尔贝蒂尼 (Fabian Albertini) "操控人生"系列，创作于丹麦哥本哈根。
摄影：法比安·阿尔贝蒂尼
采访：希拉兹·斯德华
人们正在利用人工智能解决当今社会面临的两个最具有挑战性的问题：无孔不入的虚假新闻和愈发普遍的对个人隐私的侵犯。2019年Netexplo奖颁奖仪式于四月在联合国教科文组织总部举行，获奖者共10个，其中就有Factmata和D-ID，前者利用人工智能阻遏虚假信息的传播，后者保护个人身份不被由人工智能运行的人脸识别系统识别。
Artificial intelligence (AI) is being harnessed to tackle two of the most challenging problems today – the flagrant proliferation of fake news and the increasing invasion of individual privacy. Factmata, which uses AI to fight disinformation and D-ID, which protects identities from facial recognition systems using AI, were two of the ten winners of the 2019 Netexplo awards, presented at UNESCO Headquarters in April.
Factmata公司（位于伦敦）首席执行官兼联合创始人杜鲁弗·古拉提（Dhruv Ghulati）和D-ID公司（位于以色列特拉维夫和美国帕洛阿尔托）首席执行官兼联合创始人吉尔·佩里（Gil Perry）与联合国教科文组织《信使》杂志畅谈他们的创新。
Dhruv Ghulati, CEO and co-founder of the London-based Factmata and Gil Perry, co-founder and CEO of D-ID, based in Tel Aviv (Israel) and Palo Alto (United States), spoke to the UNESCO Courier about their innovations.
希拉兹·斯德华 担任采访
Interviews by Shiraz Sidhva
杜鲁弗·古拉提：与虚假新闻作斗争
Dhruv Ghulati: Fighting fake news
是什么原因促使您创立一家人工智能公司来处理虚假新闻？这项任务难道不是像反腐败一样，十分艰巨吗？
What made you set up an AI startup to tackle fake news? Isn’t it a daunting task, like fighting corruption?
确实如此。要想改变这个世界， 我们需要做的不是创办一家企业那么简单，而是去研究更先进的技术，一旦这项技术奏效，那么它对世界各地所有人的潜在影响将是无与伦比的。Factmata将人工智能与人类社会相结合，开发出了可解释的算法，用以解决在线信息不实的问题，并致力于构建一个更好的媒体生态系统。
Yes, it is. If you want to change the world, rather than simply build a business, you need to think about building enabling technology, where, if it does work, the potential impact on everyone everywhere would be astronomical. By combining AI and the human community, Factmata develops explainable algorithms to solve the problem of online misinformation and build a better-quality media ecosystem.
Factmata的评分系统能够识别每一段在线内容并以智能方式加以解读。它会以九类信号为基础生成评分——包括仇恨言论、政治偏见和性别歧视——使用户对网站任何内容的质量、安全性和可信度进行深入了解。该系统配置了最适合对任何有待讨论的内容进行评估的专属专家网络，因此这些审查标准都是公平且有据可循的。
Factmata’s scoring system has the ability to digest every piece of online content, read it intelligently and score it on nine signals ? including hate speech, political bias and sexism ? to give users a deep understanding of the quality, safety and credibility of any piece of content on the web. It builds these classifications in a fair and explainable manner, by deploying a proprietary network of experts who are most suited to assess any given content in question.
我们的目标是建立一个新的线上内容质量全球排名系统，该系统将用于广告交易平台[推动多家广告网络公司（通常通过实时拍卖）进行媒体广告内容交易的数字市场]、浏览器、搜索引擎、社交网络等。这将确保优质的新闻排名靠前、盈利增加，而可信度低、不安全的内容则无法获利。
Our goal is to build a new universal ranking system for the quality of online content, to be deployed across ad exchanges [a digital marketplace that facilitates the buying and selling of media advertising inventory from multiple ad networks, often through real-time auctions], browsers, search engines, social networks, and more. This will ensure good quality journalism gets ranked higher and monetized more, and low-credibility, unsafe content gets demonetized.
Factmata与其他软件，例如脸书使用的软件，有何不同？
What is the difference between Factmata and other software out there ? the kind that Facebook uses, for instance?
我们的技术可能更加精准，因为我们使用了独家专有的方法，请专家团队来帮助打造我们的软件，并为我们提供独特的训练数据，而不是使用目前所有人都可以访问的开放数据集。维护这些独特数据既困难又耗时。不过，我们已经找到了一种方法，可以让我们以更实惠的价格、更高效的方式获取这些数据，那就是让广大用户参与到这个评分过程中来。
Our technology has the potential to be more accurate because of the proprietary way in which we use expert communities to help build our software and give us unique training data – which is very difficult and time-consuming to maintain – rather than using existing open datasets out there that everyone else has access to. We've figured out a way we can get that data more cheaply and efficiently than others by making users feel they are part of the process.
您们的用户主要是哪些人？
Who are your primary users?
我们的主要用户是那些乐于通过我们的工具锻炼批判性思维能力的公众，以及品牌商和政府人士，他们力图确保自己能监测人们的两种行为：一种是散布对社会健康真正有害的谣言，另一种是传播可能破坏产品发布或宣传活动的虚假信息。
Our primary users are members of the public who like to challenge their critical thinking via our tools, and then brands and governments who are trying to ensure either they can monitor people spreading rumours that are really bad for societal health, or spread disinformation that can derail a product launch or campaign.
谈及剔除虚假新闻，您认为人工智能比人类更胜一筹吗？
When it comes to weeding out fake news, would you say an AI is more effective than a human?
不，人类要厉害得多。但人类无法批量完成工作。许多硬件上运行的算法可以每秒扫描数百万项内容，然后标记出存在虚假新闻的部分，但要增加人手去不知疲倦地筛查如此海量的内容却颇为不易。而且，高效率的仅仅是少数人。因此，将最适合这项工作的人类与人工智能相结合才是关键。
No. Humans are way better. But humans don't scale. Algorithms running on lots of hardware can scan millions of content items per second to flag them for fake news. But it would take huge numbers of humans to sift through such large volumes of content, who would need to be replaced before they got tired. Besides, only some humans are more effective than other humans. Hence the key is to combine the right humans with the right AI.
黑客和虚假新闻散布者是否可以骗过人工智能？
Can hackers and fake news-mongers cheat the AI?
是的，他们会有这样的企图。然而，要骗过人工智能只会越来越难，这对我们来说是个好消息。在系统的飞速进步面前，那些企图钻系统漏洞的人们最终将无计可施。这就是我们用来处理垃圾电子邮件、实际上也是我们用来处理大多数除垃圾邮件以外的诈骗及网络安全问题的方式。
Yes, they will try. But the good thing for us is that every time they cheat it, it becomes harder and harder. Soon, the number of cheaters good enough to beat the system is outweighed by the quality of the system. This is how we dealt with email spam, and in fact most spam/fraud/cybersecurity.
对我们来说，关键是要有足够的资金使我们继续存活下去，在打造我们的核心技术的同时拥有支持我们的客户，进而展望未来。在大多数人可能会放弃的时候，我依然相信，通过艰苦卓绝的努力，以及经年累月的坚持，我们将会扫除虚假新闻。
The key thing for us is being able to survive long enough with enough funding to build our core technology, whilst having customers that can sustain us, to be able to look to the future. I believe that with enough hard work and time, we will tackle fake news whilst most might give up.
END
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