Lion Air Families Told 737 MAX 
Design Flaws Linked To Deadly Crash
图片来源 | flightradar21
今日主题：
Review
Invistigation Report
Reactions
编辑 | 语小苑
出品 | 语航学苑
英文来源 |  China aviation daily.com
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Review
Airplane model: Boeing 737 Max 8
飞机型号：波音737Max 8
Death toll: 189 ( other reports said 188, including 178 adults, 1 child, 2 babies, 2 pilots and 5 flight attendants)
死亡人数：189人（另有报道称有188人，其中包括178名成人，1个孩子，2个婴儿，2位机长以及5名机组人员）
Invistigation Report
Mechanical and design issues contributed to the crash of a Lion Air 737 MAX jet last October, Indonesian investigators told victims' families in a briefing on Wednesday ahead of the release of a final report.
周三，印度尼西亚调查人员在发布最终报告前的新闻发布会上告诉遇难者家属，去年10月狮航(Lion Air) 737 MAX客机的坠毁是由于机械和设计问题。
Contributing factors to the crash of the new Boeing jet, which killed all 189 on board, included incorrect assumptions on how an anti-stall device called the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) functioned and how pilots would react, slides in the presentation showed.
演示文稿幻灯片显示，导致这架新波音飞机坠毁及机上189人遇难的原因主要是由于一种名为“操纵特性增强系统”(简称为MACS)的防失速装置运行出错以及飞行员应对出错。
The briefing slides showed that a lack of documentation about how systems would behave in a crash scenario, including the activation of a "stick shaker" device that warned pilots of a dangerous loss of lift, also contributed.
简报幻灯片显示，另一个原因是缺乏系统在有坠机风险时应当如何运行的资料，包括激活“驾驶杆抖振器”的装置，该装置用于飞机在失去升力时警告飞行员。
"Deficiencies" in the flight crew's communication and manual control of the aircraft contributed as well, the slides showed, as did alerts and distractions in the cockpit.
幻灯片显示，机组人员在沟通和手动控制飞机中的“缺陷”，以及驾驶舱的警报和干扰也起到了推波助澜的作用。
The deficiencies had been "identified during training," the slides said, without elaborating.
幻灯片显示，这些缺陷是“在培训期间发现的”，但并没有详细说明。
Reliance on a single angle-of-attack sensor made MCAS more vulnerable to failure, while the sensor on the plane that crashed had been miscalibrated during an earlier repair.
由于依赖单一的迎角传感器，MCAS更容易出现故障，而坠毁飞机上的传感器在早些时候的维修中出现了校准错误。
Reactions
Some relatives of the victims at the briefing in Jakarta expressed disappointmentthat direct responsibility wasn't assigned.
在雅加达举行的新闻发布会上，一些遇难者家属对没有追究直接责任表示失望。
"Why isn't the airline heavily sanctioned?" said Anton Sahadi, 30, whose relatives Riyan Aryandi and Muhammad Rafi Andrian were killed in the crash. "This isn't about one or two lives, it's about 189 lives."
“为什么航空公司没有受到严厉制裁?”30岁的安东·萨哈迪(Anton Sahadi)说。“这不是关乎一两个人的生死，而是189人的生命。”
The role of the civil investigators is not to assign blame but to draw lessons that will make flying safer. Separate court actions will address who is legally responsible for the crash.
民航调查人员的职责不是追究责任，而是吸取教训从而提高飞行安全。法院将分别采取行动，决定谁对这起事故负有法律责任。
Ony Soerjo Wibowo, an investigator with Indonesia's National Transportation Safety Committee (KNKT) who delivered the briefing, declined to comment afterward. An agency representative also declined to comment.
印尼国家运输安全委员会(National Transportation Safety Committee, KNKT)的调查员乌尼·苏尔乔·威博沃(Ony Soerjo Wibowo)在会后拒绝置评。该机构的一位代表也拒绝置评。
A Boeing spokeswoman declined to comment on the briefing, saying: "As the report hasn't been officially released by the authorities, it is premature for us to comment on its contents."
波音公司的一位女发言人拒绝就简报发表评论，她说:“由于有关部门尚未正式发布这份报告，我们对其内容发表评论还为时过早。”
The 737 MAX was grounded worldwide after a second deadly crash in Ethiopia in March 2019.
2019年3月，波音737 MAX飞机在埃塞俄比亚发生第二起致命事故后，在全球范围内停飞。
Planemaker Boeing is under growing pressure to explain what it knew about 737 MAX problems before the aircraft entered service.
飞机制造商波音公司正面临越来越大的压力，人们要求其解释在737 MAX飞机投入使用之前已经发现的问题。
Boeing has already said it would redesign the MCAS anti-stall system to rely on more than a single sensor and to help reduce pilot workload.
波音公司已经表示，将重新设计MCAS防失速系统，使其能够依赖于多个传感器，并帮助减少飞行员的工作量。
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